---
title: Shigella References
date: 2023-04-04T15:35:00-07:00
author: admin
canonical_url: "https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-references"
section: Resource Library
---
[Foodborne Illnesses](/foodborne-illnesses) / [Shigella](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella) /

# Shigella References

 

 

 1. Angulo, FJ, Nargund VN, Chiller TC. (2004). Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. *J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health*. 51(8-9):374-9.
2. Angulo FJ, *et al*. (2004). Antimicrobial use in agriculture: controlling the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans. *Semin Pediatr Infect Dis*. 15(2):78-85.
3. Aragón TJ, *et al*. (2007). Case-Control Study of Shigellosis in San Francisco: The Role of Sexual Transmission and HIV Infection. *Clin Infect Dis*. 44(3):327-34.
4. Arvelo W, *et al*. (2009). Transmission risk factors and treatment of pediatric shigellosis during a large daycare center-associated outbreak of multidrug resistant *Shigella sonnei*: implications for the management of shigellosis outbreaks among children. *Pediatr Infect Dis J*. 28(11):976-80.
5. Baer JT, *et al*. (1999). HIV Infection as a Risk Factor for Shigellosis. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 5(6):820-3.
6. Bardhan P, Faruque ASG, Naheed A, Sack DA. (2010). Decreasing Shigellosis-related Deaths without *Shigella* spp.–specific Interventions, Asia. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 16(11):1718-23.
7. Bowen A, *et al*. (2016). Elevated Risk for Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant *Shigella* Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men, United States, 2011–2015. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 22(9):1613-16.
8. Carter JD, Hudson AP. (2009). Reactive arthritis: clinical aspects and medical management. *Rheum Dis Clin North Am*. 35(1):21-44.
9. “Food and Water Safety.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Feb. 2020. Available at: <https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/food-water-safety>.
10. “FoodNet 2015 Annual Foodborne Illness Surveillance Report.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Mar. 2017. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/reports/annual-reports-2015.html)[https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/re...](https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/reports/annual-reports-2015.html).
11. “FoodNet Surveillance: Active Laboratory Surveillance.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 May 2015. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/surveillance.html)[https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/su...](https://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/surveillance.html).
12. “The 2012 NARMS Human Isolates Report.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 15 Mar. 2019. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/narms/reports/annual-human-isolates-report-2012.html)[https://www.cdc.gov/narms/repo...](https://www.cdc.gov/narms/reports/annual-human-isolates-report-2012.html).
13. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Annual Report, 2016.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Mar. 2018. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsurveillance/pdfs/LEDS-Shig-2016-REPORT-508.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsu...](https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsurveillance/pdfs/LEDS-Shig-2016-REPORT-508.pdf).
14. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Annual Summary, 2008.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2012. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-summary-2008-508c.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfw...](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-summary-2008-508c.pdf).
15. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Annual Report, 2011.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Jan. 2013. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-report-2011-508c.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfw...](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-report-2011-508c.pdf).
16. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Annual Summary, 2012.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 Jan. 2014. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-report-2012-508c.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfw...](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/shigella-annual-report-2012-508c.pdf)
17. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Annual Summary, 2013.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Feb. 2016. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsurveillance/pdfs/shigella-annual-report-2013-508c.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsu...](https://www.cdc.gov/nationalsurveillance/pdfs/shigella-annual-report-2013-508c.pdf).
18. “National Enteric Disease Surveillance: *Shigella* Surveillance Overview.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/Shigella-Overview-508.pdf)[https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfw...](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/PDFs/Shigella-Overview-508.pdf).
19. “Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated With an Interactive Water Fountain at a Beachside Park – Florida, 1999.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Jun. 2000. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925a3.htm)[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/previ...](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925a3.htm).
20. “Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2006.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 Apr. 2007. Available at: [](http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a4.htm)[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/previe...](http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a4.htm).
21. “Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2009.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Apr. 2010. Available at: [](http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5914a2.htm)[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/previe...](http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5914a2.htm).
22. “*Shigella* – Shigellosis.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 Nov. 2019. Available at: [](https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/index.html)[https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/i...](https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/index.html)
23. “Travelers’ Diarrhea.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Nov. 2019. Available at: <https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/preparing-international-travelers/travelers-diarrhea>.
24. Cramer EH, Blanton CJ, Otto C. (2008). Shipshape: Sanitation Inspections on Cruise Ships, 1990-2005, Vessel Sanitation Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention*. J Environ Health*. 70(7):15-21.
25. Doyle MP, *et al*. (2000). Reducing Transmission of Infectious Agents in the Home. Part I: Sources of Infection. *Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation*. 20(5):330-7.
26. DuPont, H. L. “*Shigella* species (bacillary dysentery)” in Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Edition, pp. 2363-9 (2000).
27. DuPont HL, Levine MM, Hornick RB, Formal SB. (1989). Inoculum Size in Shigellosis and Implications for Expected Mode of Transmission. *J Infect Dis*. 159(6):1126-8.
28. “2018 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals.” Food and Drug Administration, Dec. 2019. Available at: [](https://www.fda.gov/media/133411/download)[https://www.fda.gov/media/1334...](https://www.fda.gov/media/133411/download).
29. Freeland AL, Vaughan Jr GH, Banerjee SN. (2016). Acute Gastroenteritis on Cruise Ships — United States, 2008–2014. *MMWR*. 65(1):1-5.
30. Gomez HF, Ochoa TJ, Herrere-Insua I, Carlin LG, Cleary TG. (2002). Lactoferrin Protects Rabbits from *Shigella flexneri*-Induced Inflammatory Enteritis. *Infect Immun.* 70(12):7050-3.
31. Guerrant RL, *et al*. (2012). The impoverished gut—a triple burden of diarrhoea, stunting and chronic disease. *Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol*. 10:220-9.
32. Gupta A, Polyak CS, Bishop RD, Sobel J, Mintz ED. (2004). Laboratory-Confirmed Shigellosis in the United States, 1989–2002: Epidemiologic Trends and Patterns. *Clin Infect Dis*. 38:1372-7.
33. Hale, T. L., and Keusch, G. T. “*Shigella*: Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types” in Baron’s Medical Microbiology, Fourth Edition, Chapter 22 (1996).
34. Haley CC, et al. (2010). Risk factors for sporadic shigellosis, FoodNet 2005. *Foodborne Pathog Dis*. 7(7):741-7.
35. “Economic Burden of Major Foodborne Illnesses Acquired in the United States.” United States Department of Agriculture, May 2015. Available at: [](https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/43984/52807_eib140.pdf?v=7629.8)[https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdo...](https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/43984/52807_eib140.pdf?v=7629.8).
36. Khalil IA, *et al*. (2018). Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic *Escherichia coli diarrhoea*: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. *Lancet*. 18(11):1229-40.
37. Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. (2018). Shigellosis. *Lancet*. 391(10122):801-12.
38. Krilov LR, *et al*. (1996). Impact of an infection control program in a specialized preschool. *Am J Infect Control*. 24(3):167-73.
39. Livio S, *et al*. (2014). *Shigella* Isolates From the Global Enteric Multicenter Study Inform Vaccine Development. *Clin Infect Dis*. 59(7):933-41.
40. Mani S, Wierzba T, Walker RI. (2016). Status of vaccine research and development for *Shigella*. *Vaccine*. 34(26):2887-94.
41. “*Shigella*. Infection.” Mayo Clinic, 4 Aug. 2018. Available at: [](http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/shigella/DS00719)[http://www.mayoclinic.com/heal...](http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/shigella/DS00719).
42. Mead PS, *et al*. (1999). Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 5(5):607-25.
43. Mohle-Boetani JC, *et al*. (1995). Communitywide shigellosis: control of an outbreak and risk factors in child day-care centers. *Am J Public Health*. 85(6):812-16.
44. Motarjemi, Y. “Encyclopedia of Food Safety.” Academic Press (2013).
45. Murray K, *et al*. (2017). Increasing Antibiotic Resistance in *Shigella* spp. from Infected New York City Residents, New York, USA. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 23(2):332-5.
46. Niyogi SK. (2005). Shigellosis. *J Microbiol*. 43:133–43.
47. Philpott DJ, Edgeworth JD, Sansonetti PJ. (2000). The pathogenesis of *Shigella* *flexneri* infection: lessons from *in vitro* and *in vivo* studies. *Phil Trans R Soc Lond*. 355:575-86.
48. Ranjbar R, Hosseini MJ, Kaffashian AR, Farshad S. (2010). An Outbreak of Shigellosis due to *Shigella flexneri* Serotype 3a in a Prison in Iran. *Arch Iran Med*. 13(5):413-6.
49. Reller ME, *et al*. (2006). A Large, Multiple-Restaurant Outbreak of Infection with *Shigella flexneri* Serotype 2a Traced to Tomatoes. *Clin Infect Dis*. 42(2):163-9.
50. Replogle ML, Fleming DW, Cieslak PR. (2000). Emergence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Shigellosis in Oregon. *Clin Infect Dis*. 30(3):515-9.
51. Ringrose JH, *et al*. (2001). Influence of infection of cells with bacteria associated with reactive arthritis on the peptide repertoire presented by HLA-B27. *J Med Microbiol*. 50(4):385-9.
52. Roberts T. (1989). Human Illness Costs of Foodborne Bacteria. *Am J Agric*. 71(2):468-74.
53. Rooney RM, *et al*. (2004). A Review of Outbreaks of Foodborne Disease Associated with Passenger Ships: Evidence for Risk Management. *Public Health Rep*. 119(4):427-34.
54. Scallan E, *et al*. (2011). Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens. *Emerg Infect Dis*. 17(1):7-15.
55. “Health-Related Costs from Foodborne Illness in the United States.” PEW, 3 Mar. 2010. Available at: [](https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/healthrelated-costs-from-foodborne-illness-in-the-united-states)[https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/r...](https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/healthrelated-costs-from-foodborne-illness-in-the-united-states).
56. Schroeder GN, Hilbi H. (2008). Molecular Pathogenesis of *Shigella* spp.: Controlling Host Cell Signaling, Invasion, and Death by Type III Secretion. *Clin Microbiol Rev*. 21(1):134-56.
57. Song Y, *et al*. (2018). The Epidemiological Influence of Climatic Factors on Shigellosis Incidence Rates in Korea. *Int J Environ Res Public Health*. 15(10):2209.
58. Tack DM, *et al*. (2020). Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016–2019. *MMWR*. 69(17):509-14.
59. Taneja N, *et al*. (2011). Dipstick Test for Rapid Diagnosis of *Shigella dysenteriae* 1 in Bacterial Cultures and Its Potential Use on Stool Samples. PLoS One. 6(10):e24830.
60. Tauxe RV, McDonald RC, Hargrett-Bean N, Blake PA. (1988). The Persistence of *Shigella* *flexneri* in the United States: Increasing Role of Adult Males. *AJPH*. 78(11):1432-5.
61. Troeger C, *et al*. (2017). Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. *Lancet Infect Dis*. 17(9):909-48.
62. Trofa AF, Ueno-Olsen H, Oiwa R, Yoshikawa M. (1999). Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discover of Dysentery Bacillus. *Clin Infect Dis*. 29(5)1303-6.
63. Wallinga D. (2002). Antimicrobial use in animal feed: an ecological and public health problem. *Minn Med*. 85(10):12-16.
64. “Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report – Early Implementation 2020” World Heath Organization, 2020. Available at: [](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332081/9789240005587-eng.pdf?ua=1)[https://apps.who.int/iris/bits...](https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332081/9789240005587-eng.pdf?ua=1).
65. “Reactive Arthritis.” Medscape, 6 Dec. 2018. Available at: [](https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331347-overview)[https://emedicine.medscape.com...](https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331347-overview).

  

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## All Shigella Resources

 

 [######  Shigella Food Poisoning 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/about-shigella) [######  The Incidence of Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-incidence) [######  The Prevalence of Shigella in Food and Elsewhere 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-prevalence) [######  How is Shigella Infection Spread? 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-transmission) [######  Symptoms of Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-symptoms-risks) [######  Complications of Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-complications) [######  How is Shigellosis Diagnosed? 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-diagnosis) [######  Treatment for Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-treatment) [######  The Economic Impact of Shigella Infections 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-economic-impact) [######  How to Prevent Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-prevention) [######  Outbreaks of Shigella Infection 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-outbreaks) [######  Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/antimicrobial-resistance-in-bacteria-shigella) [######  Shigella References 

 

 

 ](https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/shigella/shigella-references) 

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